Polymer Bulletin, Vol.54, No.4-5, 321-333, 2005
Mechanical behavior and biodegradation of poly(epsilon-caprolactone)/starch blends with and without expansor
The use of biodegradable polymers has provided an alternative to the problem of polymer-based products discarded in the environment. Poly(epsilon-caprolactone) (PCL) is a biodegradable polymer that has been used industrially, but it is very expensive. Starch is a potentially useful material for biodegradable plastics because of its natural abundance and low cost. The aim of this work was to examine the effect of adding azodicarbonomide (ADC) as an expansor to blends of PCL with corn starch. Different proportions, of ADC (0.1%, 0.2% and 0.3%, w/w) were added to pure PCL and to PCL/starch (50/50) blends and their properties were studied. Biodegradable blends of PCL with starch had a higher density than PCL alone and the addition of ADC reduced the density of the materials. The incorporation of starch increased the water absorption and ADC did not significantly alter this property. The incorporation of starch into PCL reduced the tensile strength and the elongation at break; ADC enhanced these reductions and also decreased the Young's modulus of PCL. SEM showed that blends prepared with starch were immiscible, had a homogeneous dispersion of starch, and poor interfacial adhesion. The addition of ADC resulted in cells in the interior of the polymers. The 50/50 PCL/starch blends biodegraded faster than PCL, and ADC had no significant influence on the biodegradation of the blends but inhibited the biodegradation of PCL.