The pH-responsive dimensional expansion and mass uptake of bi-component hydrogels in the form of fibrous membranes and films were reported. Fibrous membranes and monolithic films were prepared from aqueous mixture of poly(vinyl alcohol) and poly(acrylic acid) at 3.5 COOH/OH molar composition via electrospinning and solution cast, respectively, then cross-linked by heat-induced esterification. Both forms of hydrogels exhibited increasing swelling with increasing pH. For hydrogel fibrous membranes, planar expansion was immediate without the time lag observed on the films, and equilibrium thickness expansion and mass uptake took far longer than planar expansion. The dimensional expansion in the thickness direction was much higher than that in the planar directions for the fibrous membranes, while they were comparable for monolithic films. The peculiar asymmetric dimensional expansion of fibrous membrane is explicable with the asymmetric distribution of the fibers on the planar and thickness directions, which is formed during layer-by-layer collection process of electrospinning. The fibrous membranes distinguished themselves as being far stronger and faster in re-absorption in the swollen state than the cast-films. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.