Oxygen permeation through oxygen ionic or mixed-conducting ceramic membranes under reaction conditions was analyzed by a simple mathematical model considering different transport mechanisms (with n-type versus p-type flux equations) and oxidation reaction kinetics (extremely fast reaction versus no reaction). Experimental oxygen permeation data for Bi1.5Y0.3Sm0.2O3-delta (BYS) membrane under two different reaction conditions (with methane and ethane) were measured and analyzed by the modeling results. For a membrane under reaction conditions with a specific reducing gas, the oxygen permeation flux depends strongly on the oxidation reaction rate and the reducing gas flow rate. Such dependencies are different for membranes with oxygen permeation controlled by p-type electron transport and those by n-type electron or oxygen vacancy transport. Oxygen permeation flux under the condition of extremely fast reaction is several-fold higher than that under the condition of slow reaction as a result of the decrease of the oxygen partial pressure in the reaction side with increasing reaction rate. The oxygen permeation flux through BYS membrane under the reaction conditions with ethane is about one order of magnitude higher than that with methane because of the significantly faster oxidation reaction with ethane than with methane. The analysis results also suggest that increasing oxidation reaction rate in the reaction side by use of a heterogeneous catalyst can enhance the oxygen permeation flux through an ionic or mixed-conducting ceramic membrane. For a membrane with a fixed oxygen permeation mechanism, increasing gas flow rate lowers the conversion of oxidation reaction in the reaction side (equivalent to a decrease in reaction rate), causing a decrease in the oxygen permeation flux. Varying reactant flow rate may also cause a change in oxygen permeation mechanism leading to a complex permeation flux versus flow rate relationship. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.