Bactericidal Activity of Mixed Oxidants: Comparison with Free Chlorine

Hyunju Son; Min Cho; Hyenmi Chung; Suingil Choi; Jeyong Yoon

Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Vol.10, No.5, 705-709, September, 2004

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Bactericidal Activity of Mixed Oxidants: Comparison with Free Chlorine

Hyunju Son, Min Cho, Hyenmi Chung¹, Suingil Choi², and Jeyong Yoon^†

School of Chemical Engineerig, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
¹Water Microbiology Division, Naitonal Institute of Envrionmental Research, Inchon 404-170, Korea
²Department of Environmental Engineering, Korea University, Choongnam 339-700, Korea

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In a small water treatment system, electrolytically produced mixed oxidants (MIOX; LATA inc., USA) have shown promise as an alternative disinfectant to chlorine. However, the efficacy of mixed oxidants as a disinfectant for microorganisms such as E. coli and Bacillus subtilis has not been reported widely and those that have been reported are controversial in some aspects, particularly in comparison with free chlorine. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of a mixed oxidant solution as a disinfectant and compared it with that of a free chlorine solution on the basis of an equal weight of the total oxidants per unit volume. From our results, we found that mixed oxidants are approximately 20~50% more efficient than free chlorine at inactivating E. coli and Bacillus subtilis spores at certain pH conditions (pH 8.2). This report is consistent with the results of previous studies, in that the disinfection efficacy of a mixed oxidant solution is different than that of a free chlorine solution. However, the extent of the difference contrasts greatly with the results of the previous studies, which reported a significant difference in the disinfection efficacy between mixed oxidants and free chlorine for inactivating Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts.

Keywords:mixed oxidants;free chlorine;CT;E. coli;Bacillus subtilis spore

[References]

White GC, The Handbook of Chlorination and Alternative Disinfections, 3rd Ed., Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York (1992)
Bashtan SY, Goncharuk VV, Chebotareva RD, Belyakov VN, Linkov VM, Desalination, 126(1-3), 77 (1999)
Chang L, Chang J, Wen T, Water Res., 29, 671 (1995)
Chizuko M, Kouichi S, Shinichi M, Hiromasa K, Toshiyuki G, Takehiro K, Wu H, Hitofumi M, Atsuo I, Yoshiko N, Masami T, Osamu Y, J. Virol. Methods, 85, 163 (2000)
Harrington RE, in Providing Safe Drinking Water in Small System Publishes, City (1999)
Kraft A, Stadelmann M, Blaschke M, Kreysig D, Sandt B, Schroder F, Rennau J, J. Appl. Electrochem., 29(7), 861 (1999)
Kraft A, Blaschke M, Kreysig D, Sandt B, Schroder F, Rennau J, J. Appl. Electrochem., 29(8), 895 (1999)
Tucker MD, Barton LL, Thomson BM, Wagener BM, Aragon A, Waste Manage., 19, 477 (1999)
MIOX literature: Alternative Comparison for Important Features in Municipal Plants and Wells, MIOX Corporation, Los Alamos, NM (1995)
Gauw RD, Emmert GL, Bubnis B, Gordon G, Talanta, 50, 1073 (1999)
Gordon G, Emmert G, Gauw R, Bubnis B, Ozone-Sci. Eng., 20, 239 (1998)
Casteel MJ, Sobsey MD, Arrowood MJ, Water Sci. Technol., 41, 127 (2000)
Venczel LV, Arrowood M, Hurd M, Obsey MD, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 63, 1598 (1997)
American Public Health Association: Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater, 17th Edn., American Public Health Association, washington, D.C. (1989)
Nakayama A, Yano Y, Kobayashi S, Ishikawa M, Sakai K, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 62, 3897 (1996)
Cho M, Chung H, Yoon J, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 69, 2284 (2003)
Cho M, Chung H, Yoon J, Environ. Sci. Technol., 37, 2134 (2003)
Lee Y, Cho M, Kim JY, Yoon J, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 10(1), 161 (2004)

[Referenced By]

[Related Articles]

[1] White GC, The Handbook of Chlorination and Alternative Disinfections, 3rd Ed., Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York (1992)

[2] Bashtan SY, Goncharuk VV, Chebotareva RD, Belyakov VN, Linkov VM, Desalination, 126(1-3), 77 (1999)

[3] Chang L, Chang J, Wen T, Water Res., 29, 671 (1995)

[4] Chizuko M, Kouichi S, Shinichi M, Hiromasa K, Toshiyuki G, Takehiro K, Wu H, Hitofumi M, Atsuo I, Yoshiko N, Masami T, Osamu Y, J. Virol. Methods, 85, 163 (2000)

[5] Harrington RE, in Providing Safe Drinking Water in Small System Publishes, City (1999)

[6] Kraft A, Stadelmann M, Blaschke M, Kreysig D, Sandt B, Schroder F, Rennau J, J. Appl. Electrochem., 29(7), 861 (1999)

[7] Kraft A, Blaschke M, Kreysig D, Sandt B, Schroder F, Rennau J, J. Appl. Electrochem., 29(8), 895 (1999)

[8] Tucker MD, Barton LL, Thomson BM, Wagener BM, Aragon A, Waste Manage., 19, 477 (1999)

[9] MIOX literature: Alternative Comparison for Important Features in Municipal Plants and Wells, MIOX Corporation, Los Alamos, NM (1995)

[10] Gauw RD, Emmert GL, Bubnis B, Gordon G, Talanta, 50, 1073 (1999)

[11] Gordon G, Emmert G, Gauw R, Bubnis B, Ozone-Sci. Eng., 20, 239 (1998)

[12] Casteel MJ, Sobsey MD, Arrowood MJ, Water Sci. Technol., 41, 127 (2000)

[13] Venczel LV, Arrowood M, Hurd M, Obsey MD, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 63, 1598 (1997)

[14] American Public Health Association: Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater, 17th Edn., American Public Health Association, washington, D.C. (1989)

[15] Nakayama A, Yano Y, Kobayashi S, Ishikawa M, Sakai K, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 62, 3897 (1996)

[16] Cho M, Chung H, Yoon J, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 69, 2284 (2003)

[17] Cho M, Chung H, Yoon J, Environ. Sci. Technol., 37, 2134 (2003)

[18] Lee Y, Cho M, Kim JY, Yoon J, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 10(1), 161 (2004)