This paper reports a study on template-growth and electrochemical properties of single-crystal vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) nanorod arrays from VOSO4 aqueous solution using electrochemical deposition. Uniformly sized vanadium oxide nanorods with a length of about 10 mum with diameters ranging from 100 to 200 nm were grown over a large area with near unidirectional alignment. These nanorods have single-crystalline structure with a growth direction of [010]. Electrochemical property analysis indicates that nanorod array electrodes have significantly higher current density and energy storage density than so]-gel-derived V2O5 films.