화학공학소재연구정보센터
Journal of Physical Chemistry A, Vol.107, No.51, 11361-11370, 2003
Geminate ion kinetics for hexa-, penta- and tetrachloroethane in liquid methylcyclohexane (MCH): Effect of the anion lifetimes
We have previously shown that, in the case of extremely short lived chlorocarbon anions (of CCl4, CFCl3) in liquid MCH solutions, one observes the formation and decay of the solvent separated ion pairs (R(+)parallel toCl(-))(solv), instead of the geminate ion recombination between the solvent cation (MCH+) and the fragment anion (Cl-). For longer lived anions (CHCl3-) there was no formation of ion pairs (IPs) observable. To evaluate the correlation between IP formation and anion lifetime tau(-), three new chlorocarbon solutes (RCl), hexachloroethane (Hexa), pentachloroethane (Penta), and tetrachloroethane (Tetra), were studied, for which a coarse lifetime classification from positronium studies suggested that Hexa(-) and Penta(-) should be short lived (IP formation possible) and Tetra (-) long lived (no IP formation). The results in this paper agree with this expectation and confirm the correlation with tau(-). With anion lifetimes of 250 and 150 ns for Hexa(-) and Penta(-) at 143 K, ion pairs were observed, whereas Tetra(-) with tau(-) = 13.7 mus decayed too late to yield IPs. The solvent separated ion pairs are formed through charge transfer (CT) from MCH+ to the fragment radical R-. from the anion decay: MCH+ + R...Cl- -eta-->(R(+)parallel toCl(-))(solv). The IP absorption is due to the CT band of (R+ <-- MCH), and the stability relates to the complexing with the solvent. The efficiency eta for CT reduces with time and therefore correlates to the anion lifetime: the later R-. is freed, the lower eta. It also correlates with the ratio of D-fast/D-diff (competition of the high mobility approach of MCH+ (with D-fast) toward Cl- and the diffusional escape of R-. (with D-diff), away from Cl-). It is shown that eta reduces by a factor of about 6 from 133 to 295 K in parallel to D-fast/D-diff reducing from 400 to 10. It is concluded that the high mobility of the solvent cation is a requirement for positive CT from MCH+ to R-.. The IP formation therefore gains importance at very low temperature; however, it loses importance at room temperature. The IP lifetime at 143 K is longest for CCl4 (tau(ip) = 111 mus), followed by Hexa (tau(ip) = 22.7 mus) and Penta (tau(ip) = 5.3 mus). If no IP is detectable, IP formation is still possible, but tau(ip) much less than tau(-) (probably true for CHCl3). For all IN so far found (list of 7 given) the IP decay rate constant k(ip) is characterized by a very low preexponential Arrhenius factor of log A approximate to 8-10. For CCl4, Hexa, and Penta, the log A values are 9.0 +/- 0.2, 8.3 +/- 0.3, and 10.4 +/- 0.4, respectively. Simulation of the complete mechanism is rather complex, but it is carefully analyzed with schemes of various complexity, particularily with and without the cation mechanism, related to the precursor M+* of the high mobility cation MCH+. It is shown that the details of the cationic mechanism are covered up by the strong absorption from the ion pair IP, if formed.