Surfactant-free hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) microgels have been synthesized in salt solution. The average size and size distributions of microgel particles have been correlated with polymer concentration, salt concentration, and reaction temperature using light scattering techniques. It is found that the low critical solution temperature of HPC polymer chains decreases upon the increase of sodium chloride concentration. In a narrow sodium chloride concentration range from 1.3 to 1.4 M, HPC chains can self-associate into colloidal particles at room temperature. These particles remained stable in solution for weeks without changing their sizes. The microgel particles were then obtained in situ by bonding self-associated HPC chains at 23 degreesC using divinyl sulfone as a cross-linker. The volume phase transition of the resultant HPC microgels has been studied as a function of temperature at various salt concentrations. A theoretical model based on Flory-Huggins free energy consideration has been used to explain the experimental results.