A new class of photo- and electroactive polymer materials showing an liquid-crystalline (LC) phase were designed and synthesized: four kinds of polymers with both oxadiazole and arylamine moieties as carrier-transporting groups in the side chain. Among them, the polymers with a dimethylamine and a methylcarbazole moiety show LC phases. Furthermore, all the polymers emitted strong blue fluorescence, and their fluorescent quantum yields were over 0.6. The aligned sample of the polymer with the carbazole moiety emitted polarized fluorescence at room temperature. One-layer type electroluminescent (EL) devices were fabricated by using the polymer with a triphenylamine moiety, which exhibited the highest quantum yield (similar to0.82), and found to emit the EL emission at blue region.