Tin anodes deposited electrochemically on a copper foil current collector are studied to develop a next-generation lithium-ion battery with higher energy density. Better cycle performance through ten initial cycles under full charge and discharge conditions was attained by annealing tin electrodeposited on a rough surface copper foil. The annealing process was found to change the main active material from Sn to Cu6Sn5 with some minor compounds. Furthermore, a microcolumnar structure of the active material portion was found to be self-organized in accordance with the surface profile of the foil during the first charge-discharge cycle. Advantages of these structural features are discussed in terms of the initial charge and discharge performance, including specific capacity and coulombic efficiency measured by using a three-electrode cell. (C) 2003 The Electrochemical Society.