A nonracemic chiral main-chain liquid crystalline (LC) polyester was synthesized from (R)- (-)-4'-{omega-[2-(p-hydroxy-o-nitrophenyloxy)-1-propyloxy]-1-undecyloxy}-4-biphenlcarboxylic acid via an A-B type condensation polymerization. The polymer eras abbreviated as PBT(R*-11), where 11 is the number of methylene units in the chain backbone. Other PETs(R*-n) (n = 7-11) in this series were also studied. PET(R*-11) exhibited a LC chiral C (S-C*), a chiral smectic A (S-A*), and a twist grain boundary smectic A (TGBA*) phase with increasing temperatures as identified by differential scanning calorimetry, polarized light microscopy, and wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD). Flat-elongated lamellae were observed in transmission electron microscopy (TEM) for thin-film melt crystallized samples. Its crystal structure was determined be a monoclinic basic unit cell with a = 1.03 nm, b = 0.47 nm, c = 6.43 nm, and gamma = 83degrees via selected area electron diffraction (SAED), and these measurements were confirmed by two-dimensional WAXD fiber patterns. Furthermore, SAED results slowed that two hinds of crystal twins existed in this polymer: "microtwinning" within one single lamellar crystal and "rotation-twinning" between two lamellae. This rotation-twinning was possibly a result of a mechanism of a sot epitaxy between two contacting folded surfaces along the {310} planes. Right-handed helical lamellar crystals were also found under the same crystallization conditions, and their pies lengths were an the micrometer scale as observed by Viand atomic force microscopy. The helical crystal structure was found to be identical that of the flat-elongated counterparts. It was particularly surprising that in this series of PETs(R*-n) the odd-even methylene unit number effects existed on broad length sees. This included not. only thermodynamic properties of the S-C* and the S-A* LC transitions but also the helical crystal handedness anal the crystal structures.