The effect of alkaline earth modification on HZSM-5 was investigated by catalytic cracking of n-butane under non-oxidative and oxidative conditions. The yields of aromatic products were low compared with that obtained using the non-modified HZSM-5, and higher yields of ethylene and propylene were observed with Mg-, Ca-, and Ba-ZSM-5. The NH3-TPD spectra of these catalysts show that the strong acid sites were transformed to weak acid sites. The dehydrogenation cracking was considered to occur at the acid sites modified with the alkaline earth elements because the ethylene/ethane ratio and the C-2/other products ratio were high using the alkaline earth-containing HZSM-5. It is suggested that the suppression of hydrogen transfer reaction and the stimulation of dehydrogenation cracking were the major cause of the improvement of olefin yield in the cracking.