A blue emission Sr2CeO4 phosphor powder which has a one-dimensional structure was prepared from a nitrate starting solution by the ultrasonic spray pyrolysis process. To avoid the formation of hollow particles during spray pyrolysis, NH4NO3 was employed to change the mechanism of Sr2CeO4 formation from droplets, containing Sr(NO3)(2) and Ce(NO3)(3) in the required stoichiometric ratio. The mean particle size of as-prepared particle increased from 0.19 to 1.52 mum with a change in the overall concentration of the starting solution from 0.005 to 1.5 M. No hollow particles or particle fragments were observed when the ratio of overall concentration of the starting solution to NH4NO3 was equal to 1 : 1. The particles that were as-prepared with NH4NO3 had spherical morphology and a narrow size distribution. The emission spectrum of post heat-treated particles showed a broad maximum at 470 nm and the CIE Chromaticity coordinates were x = 0.20 and y = 0.27. The decay time of Sr2CeO4 phosphor powder was 58 mus, which is a long excited-state life time compared with d-f transitions for the Ce-3+ excited state.