Enzyme and Microbial Technology, Vol.30, No.5, 620-626, 2002
Ortho pathway of benzoate degradation in Pseudomonas putida: induction of meta pathway at high substrate concentrations
The growth of Pseudomonasputida ATCC 49451 on various concentrations of sodium benzoate was examined Under batch cultivation. At low initial concentrations (less than or equal to400 mgl(-1)). cell growth rate was described by the Monod model with parameters of maximum specific growth rate. mu(m) = 0.66 h(-1) and saturation constant. K-s = 10 mgl(-1). At higher initial concentrations (greater than or equal to500 mgl(-1)) product inhibition on growth and degradation rates was observed: specific growth rate decreased is sodium benzoate was degraded. A change in degradation pathway was observed with different initial concentrations of sodium benzoate, With initial concentrations up to 200 mgl(-1), catechol was oxidized via the ortho ring cleavage with the induction of catechol 1,2-dioxygenase, The ortho pathway metabolites namely. catechol. cis, cis-muconate and muconolactone, were identified using as chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) after trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivatization. When higher initial concentrations of sodium benzoate were used (greater than or equal to300 mgl(-1)), the culture media showed absorbance at 375 nm (A(375)) during the later stage of degradation after approximately 200 mgl(-1) of sodium This was attributed to the accumulation of 2-hydroxymuconic semialdehyde (HMSA), which is an intermediate metabolite of the meta ring fission of catechol. It is concluded that cells grown on high enough concentrations of sodium benzoate simultaneously induced catechol 1,2-dioxygenase and catechol 2,3-dioxygenase, thus activating both the ortho and the meta catechol cleavage pathways. It was further found that catechol. a metabolic intermediate of sodium benzoate. did not effectively support the growth of P. putida when used as a sole substrate. Instead. a dark brown polymerization product was formed. We infer that the induction of the meta pathway is a consequence of the accumulation of 1,2-dihydro-1,2-dihydroxybenzoate (DHB) in the media.
Keywords:benzoate;catechol;gas chromatography/mass spectrometry;2-hydroxymuconic semialdehyde;inhibition;meta pathway;ortho pathway;Pseudomonas putida