Sulfonated Polystyrene Ionomers Containing 4-Aminobenzoic Acid Studied by a Small-Angle X-Ray Scattering Technique

Ju-Myung Song; Min-Chul Hong; Joon-Seop Kim; Jikang Yoo; Jeong-A Yu; Whangi Kim

Macromolecular Research, Vol.10, No.6, 304-310, December, 2002

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Sulfonated Polystyrene Ionomers Containing 4-Aminobenzoic Acid Studied by a Small-Angle X-Ray Scattering Technique

Ju-Myung Song, Min-Chul Hong, Joon-Seop Kim^†, Jikang Yoo, Jeong-A Yu¹, and Whangi Kim²

Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, Chosun University, Kwangju 501-759, Korea
¹Department of Science Education, Chosun University, Kwangju 501-759, Korea
²Department of Applied Chemistry, Konkuk University, Chungju, Chungbuk 380-701, Korea

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In a recent study by the same authors using a DMTA (Dynamic Mechanical Thermal Analyzer), it was found that the 4-aminobenzoic acid (ABA) molecules acted as either a neutralizing agent, or a plasticizer, or a filler, depending on the order of mixing of poly(styrene-co-styrenesulfonic acid) (PSSA), ABA, and NaOH. Subsequent to that study, we here pursued the same topic, i.e., the effect of the addition of CsOH (instead of NaOH) and ABA on the morphology of PSSA, but this time, by using a small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) technique. In line with the previous results, the present study with the SAXS technique verified that the order of mixing has a significant effect on the morphology of ionomers. In addition, with the SAXS data and the density values of the ionomers, we attempted to calculate both the number of sulfonate ionic groups per multiplet and the size of the multiplet of the ionomer.

Keywords:ionomer;SAXS;multiplets;morphology

[References]

Schlick S, Ionomers: Characterization, Theory, and Applications, CRC Press, Boca Raton (1996)
Tant MR, Mauritz KA, Wilkes GL, Ionomers: Synthesis, Structure, Properties and Application, Blackie Academic Professional, New York (1996)
Eisenberg A, Kim JS, Introduction to Ionomers, John Wiley & Sons, New York (1998)
Eisenberg A, Hird B, Moore RB, Macromolecules, 23, 4098 (1990)
Eisenberg A, Macromolecules, 3, 147 (1970)
Yarusso DJ, Cooper SL, Macromolecules, 16, 1871 (1983)
Moore RB, Bittencourt M, Gauthier M, Williams CE, Eisenberg A, Macromolecules, 24, 1376 (1991)
MacKnight WJ, Taggert WP, Stein RS, J. Polym. Sci. Polym. Symp., 45, 113 (1974)
Peiffer DG, Weiss RA, Lundberg RD, J. Polym. Sci. B: Polym. Phys., 20, 1503 (1982)
Yarusso DJ, Cooper SL, Polymer, 26, 371 (1985)
Fitzgerald JJ, Kim D, Weiss RA, J. Polym. Sci. C: Polym. Lett., 24, 263 (1986)
Weiss RA, Lefelar JA, Polymer, 27, 3 (1986)
Galambos AF, Stockton WB, Koberstein JT, Sen A, Weiss RA, Russell TP, Macromolecules, 20, 3091 (1987)
Ding YS, Hubbard SR, Hodgson KO, Register RA, Cooper SL, Macromolecules, 21, 1698 (1988)
Register RA, Sen A, Weiss RA, Cooper SL, Macromolecules, 22, 2224 (1989)
Register RA, Cooper SL, Macromolecules, 23, 310 (1990)
Moore RB, Gauthier M, Williams CE, Eisenberg A, Macromolecules, 25, 5769 (1992)
Chu B, Wu DQ, Lundberg RD, MacKnight WJ, Macromolecules, 26, 994 (1993)
Wu DQ, Chu B, Lundberg RD, MacKnight WJ, Macromolecules, 26, 1000 (1993)
Wang J, Li Y, Peiffer DG, Chu B, Macromolecules, 26, 2633 (1993)
Li Y, Peiffer DG, Chu B, Macromolecules, 26, 4006 (1993)
Jiang M, Gronowski AA, Yeager HL, Wu G, Kim JS, Eisenberg A, Macromolecules, 27(22), 6541 (1994)
Weiss RA, Agarwal PK, Lundberg RD, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 29, 2791 (1984)
Smith P, Eisenberg A, J. Polym. Sci. B: Polym. Phys., 26, 569 (1988)
Fan XD, Bazuin CG, Macromolecules, 28(24), 8216 (1995)
Kim HS, Nah YH, Kim JS, Yu JA, Lee Y, Polym. Bull., 41(5), 569 (1998)
Makowski HS, Lundberg RD, Singhal GL, U.S. Patent, 870,841 (1975)
Bolze J, Kim J, Huang JY, Rah S, Youn HS, Lee B, Shin TJ, Ree M, Macromol. Res., 10(1), 2 (2002)
See, for example, A Johnson Matthey Companys Alfa Aesar Catalog for Research Chemicals, Metals, and Materials, 2001-2002 (2001)
Mark JE, Eisenberg A, Graessley WW, Mandelkern L, Samulski ET, Koenig JL, Wignall GD, Physical Properties of Polymers, American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C. Chapter 2 (1993)
Brandrup J, Immergut EH, Grulke EA, Polymer Handbook, John Wiley & Sons, New York (1999)
Hird B, Eisenberg A, Macromolecules, 25, 6466 (1992)
Lide DR, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 78th Ed., CRC Press, Boca Raton (1995)
Kim JS, Eisenberg A, J. Polym. Sci. B: Polym. Phys., 33(2), 197 (1995)

[Referenced By]

[1] Schlick S, Ionomers: Characterization, Theory, and Applications, CRC Press, Boca Raton (1996)

[2] Tant MR, Mauritz KA, Wilkes GL, Ionomers: Synthesis, Structure, Properties and Application, Blackie Academic Professional, New York (1996)

[3] Eisenberg A, Kim JS, Introduction to Ionomers, John Wiley & Sons, New York (1998)

[4] Eisenberg A, Hird B, Moore RB, Macromolecules, 23, 4098 (1990)

[5] Eisenberg A, Macromolecules, 3, 147 (1970)

[6] Yarusso DJ, Cooper SL, Macromolecules, 16, 1871 (1983)

[7] Moore RB, Bittencourt M, Gauthier M, Williams CE, Eisenberg A, Macromolecules, 24, 1376 (1991)

[8] MacKnight WJ, Taggert WP, Stein RS, J. Polym. Sci. Polym. Symp., 45, 113 (1974)

[9] Peiffer DG, Weiss RA, Lundberg RD, J. Polym. Sci. B: Polym. Phys., 20, 1503 (1982)

[10] Yarusso DJ, Cooper SL, Polymer, 26, 371 (1985)

[11] Fitzgerald JJ, Kim D, Weiss RA, J. Polym. Sci. C: Polym. Lett., 24, 263 (1986)

[12] Weiss RA, Lefelar JA, Polymer, 27, 3 (1986)

[13] Galambos AF, Stockton WB, Koberstein JT, Sen A, Weiss RA, Russell TP, Macromolecules, 20, 3091 (1987)

[14] Ding YS, Hubbard SR, Hodgson KO, Register RA, Cooper SL, Macromolecules, 21, 1698 (1988)

[15] Register RA, Sen A, Weiss RA, Cooper SL, Macromolecules, 22, 2224 (1989)

[16] Register RA, Cooper SL, Macromolecules, 23, 310 (1990)

[17] Moore RB, Gauthier M, Williams CE, Eisenberg A, Macromolecules, 25, 5769 (1992)

[18] Chu B, Wu DQ, Lundberg RD, MacKnight WJ, Macromolecules, 26, 994 (1993)

[19] Wu DQ, Chu B, Lundberg RD, MacKnight WJ, Macromolecules, 26, 1000 (1993)

[20] Wang J, Li Y, Peiffer DG, Chu B, Macromolecules, 26, 2633 (1993)

[21] Li Y, Peiffer DG, Chu B, Macromolecules, 26, 4006 (1993)

[22] Jiang M, Gronowski AA, Yeager HL, Wu G, Kim JS, Eisenberg A, Macromolecules, 27(22), 6541 (1994)

[23] Weiss RA, Agarwal PK, Lundberg RD, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 29, 2791 (1984)

[24] Smith P, Eisenberg A, J. Polym. Sci. B: Polym. Phys., 26, 569 (1988)

[25] Fan XD, Bazuin CG, Macromolecules, 28(24), 8216 (1995)

[26] Kim HS, Nah YH, Kim JS, Yu JA, Lee Y, Polym. Bull., 41(5), 569 (1998)

[27] Makowski HS, Lundberg RD, Singhal GL, U.S. Patent, 870,841 (1975)

[28] Bolze J, Kim J, Huang JY, Rah S, Youn HS, Lee B, Shin TJ, Ree M, Macromol. Res., 10(1), 2 (2002)

[29] See, for example, A Johnson Matthey Companys Alfa Aesar Catalog for Research Chemicals, Metals, and Materials, 2001-2002 (2001)

[30] Mark JE, Eisenberg A, Graessley WW, Mandelkern L, Samulski ET, Koenig JL, Wignall GD, Physical Properties of Polymers, American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C. Chapter 2 (1993)

[31] Brandrup J, Immergut EH, Grulke EA, Polymer Handbook, John Wiley & Sons, New York (1999)

[32] Hird B, Eisenberg A, Macromolecules, 25, 6466 (1992)

[33] Lide DR, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 78th Ed., CRC Press, Boca Raton (1995)

[34] Kim JS, Eisenberg A, J. Polym. Sci. B: Polym. Phys., 33(2), 197 (1995)