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AIChE Journal, Vol.48, No.8, 1827-1839, 2002
Engineering kinetics for hydrothermal oxidation of hazardous organic substances
Supercritical water oxidation (SCWO) can decontaminate hazardous organic wastes, including mixtures whose constituents vary widely in their susceptibility to oxidation. The SCWO kinetics of complex organic wastes are analyzed using a mathematical model that eliminates the substantial input requirements and computational demanding mathematics of multistep, component-specific rate expressions. The approach assumes that SCWO occurs by an infinite set of independent, parallel, first-order chemical reactions, with a continuous distribution of activation energies. The resulting model, distributed activation energies model (DAEM), was applied by earlier workers to other kinetics problems of comparable complexity, inter alia, decay of molecular defects in solids, and coal pyrolysis. A three-parameter DAEM is shown to correlate the SCUD kinetics of eight organic wastes, including several complex mixtures. These wastes are: JP-5 aviation fuel, Velsicol H537 hydraulic fluid, aqueous methanol solutions, NaOH and NH4OH hydrolysates of solid rocket propellants, an orange military dye marker, municipal sewage sludge, and alcohol distillery waste water. The model was separately parameterized for each waste by best fitting its predictions of conversion as affected by residence time and/or temperature to experimental data from various investigators. A satisfying correlation resulted for each case. Illustrative reactor engineering calculations demonstrate DAEM's superiority to a single reaction model in sizing a PFR for SCWO of a complex organic mixture. The times required to achieve 99.99% destruction of different wastes depend strongly on the nature of the waste and differ by about three orders of magnitude from the most labile waste to the most refractory waste.