Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol.124, No.32, 9613-9621, 2002
N-H and alpha(C-H) bond dissociation enthalpies of aliphatic amines
Bond dissociation enthalpies (BIDES) of a large series of aliphatic amines (21) were measured by means of photoacoustic calorimetry. Despite the different structures studied in the primary, secondary, and tertiary amine series, the a(C-H) BIDES were found to be very similar for unconstrained amines with values very close to 91 kcal/mol. alphaC- and N-alkylation or introduction of an hydroxy group only slightly affect the BDEs, a fact in perfect agreement with calculations performed at different CBS levels. This demonstrates the predominance of the two-orbital-three-electron interaction involving the N and alphaC(.) orbitals. On the other hand, the N-H BIDE decreases when going from primary to secondary amines. This result is interpreted in term of a hyperconjugation in sigmaC-C bonds, which leads to a stabilization of the aminyl radical. For cyclized amines, the BIDES depend on the relative geometry of the singly occupied alphaC(.) orbital with respect to that of the N atom, disfavoring the two-orbital-three-electron interaction. However, such structures can exhibit through-bond interaction. For a crowded structure such as triisopropylamine, for which the alphaC(.) orbital is not coplanar with the nitrogen one, the relaxation of a strain energy allows the BIDE to be comparable to flexible structures.