a simple and rapid method was developed to detect DNA-binding proteins using Texas Red-labeled, double-stranded oligonucleotides containing specific transcription factor binding motif sequences so that specific DNA-protein interactions can be visualized. Oligonucleotides synthesized from the human NF-kappaB binding region bind to transcriptional proteins, such as NF-kappaB, which can be detected by an automatic fluorescence-detection DNA sequencer. The new method provides higher resolution than the conventional method using slab gels.