Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol.119, No.42, 10034-10041, 1997
A general and stereocontrolled strategy for the iterative assembly of enantiopure polypropionate subunits: Synthesis of the C19-C28 segment of rifamycin S from a single chiron
An operationally simple method has been developed for the stereocontrolled construction of polypropionate stereotriads in high enantio-and diastereomeric purities. The method consists of the stereocontrolled addition of lithium dimethylcuprate to an enantiopure gamma-alkoxy-alpha,beta-unsaturated ester, followed by hydroxylation of the corresponding enolate. This leads to an anti/syn orientation of the gamma-alkoxy-beta-methyl-alpha-hydroxy ester unit. Chain extension and reiteration of the process, after appropriate functionalization, lead ultimately to an 11-carbon acyclic chain harboring three contiguous polypropionate triads with the correct anticipated absolute configuration. The method relies on two basic bond-forming reactions that involve consecutive 1,2-induction. It is admirably stereocontrolled through four iterative cycles of cuprate additions and hydroxylations. Inversion of the a-alkoxy group after each a-hydroxylation allows passage to stereotriads of different configurations. Thus three of the four possible stereotriad combinations are accessible directly using this simple and general method. The C19-C28 acyclic chain of rifamycin S, harboring eight stereogenic carbon atoms (three triads), was constructed starting with an enantiopure precursor that contains a single stereogenic center. A common precursor serves as the starting chiron for a variety of other propionate derived macrolides and ionophores.