Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Vol.8, No.1, 89-97, January, 2002
Wettability Model for Predictions of Three-Phase Emulsion Morphologies in Ternary Amphiphile/Oil/Water Systems
E-mail:
To predict morphologies of three-phase emulsions, we proposed a model which was based on the wettability among the three equilibrium phases. It was tested with emulsions in the ternary amphiphile/oil/water system and compared the results to those by literature models. For the 2-(2-hexyloxyethoxy)ethanol (C6E2)/n-tetradecane/water system, the three models yielded almost the same results and they appeared to be of equal power in predicting the morphologies of three-phase emulsions. However, the model proposed in this article was simpler and more convenient to use because the model was based solely on wetting phenomena observed by visual inspection. Furthermore, the validity of the model was well perceived when it was tested for the 2-butoxyethanol (C4E1)/n-decane/water system. The predictions by the model were in excellent agreement with the experimental conductometry results.
Keywords:emulsion morphology;wettability;three-phase emulsion;electrical conductivity;interfacial tension
- Sherman P, J.S.C.I., Supplementary Issue, No. 2, S70 (1950)
- Sherman P, J.S.C.I., Supplementary Issue, No. 2, S74 (1950)
- Salager JL, Loaiza-Maldonado I, J. Disp. Sci. Technol., 3, 279 (1982)
- Jang WI, Lee YC, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 6(2), 85 (2000)
- Smith DH, Lim KH, J. Phys. Chem., 94, 3746 (1990)
- Salager JL, Quintero L, Lamos E, Anderez JM, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 77, 288 (1980)
- Salager JL, Minana-Perez M, Perez-Sanchez M, Ramirez-Gouveia M, Rojas CI, J. Disp. Sci. Technol., 4, 313 (1983)
- Salager JL, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 105, 21 (1985)
- Smith DH, Lim KH, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 6(4), 201 (2000)
- Kumar S, Chem. Eng. Sci., 51(5), 831 (1996)
- Pacek AW, Nienow AW, Moore IP, Chem. Eng. Sci., 49(20), 3485 (1994)
- Groeneweg F, Agterof WGM, Jaeger P, Janssen JJM, Wieringa JA, Klahn JK, Trans. IChemE, 76(Part A), 55 (1998)
- Lee JM, Lim KH, Smith DH, manuscript in preparation
- Sasaki T, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 14, 63 (1939)
- Selker AH, Sleicher CA, Can. J. Chem. Eng., December, 298 (1965)
- Clayton W, The Theory of Emulsions and Their Technical Treatment, 4th Edn., p. 461, Blakiston, New York (1943)
- Salisbury R, Leuallen EE, Chavkin LT, J. Am. Pharm. Ass., 153, 117 (1954)
- Gundersen SA, Saether O, Sjoblom J, Colloids Surf. A: Physicochem. Eng. Asp., 186, 15 (2001)
- Lim KH, Smith DH, J. Disp. Sci. Technol., 11, 529 (1990)
- Smith DH, Covatch GL, Lim KH, Langmuir, 7, 1585 (1991)
- Smith DH, Nwosu SN, Johnson GK, Lim KH, Langmuir, 8, 1076 (1992)
- Smith DH, Johnson GK, Wang YH, Lim KH, Langmuir, 10(8), 2516 (1994)
- Kim DH, Oh SG, Park YC, Chang YH, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 6(3), 188 (2000)
- Johnson GK, Dadyburjor DB, Smith DH, Langmuir, 10(8), 2523 (1994)
- Torza S, Mason SG, Science, 163, 813 (1969)
- Kahlweit M, Strey R, Firman P, Haase D, Jen J, Schomacker R, Langmuir, 4, 499 (1988)
- Young T, Proc. Roy. Soc., 95, 65 (1805)
- Chen LJ, Jeng JF, Robert M, Shukla KP, Phys. Rev., A, 42, 4716 (1990)
- Chen LJ, Yan WJ, J. Chem. Phys., 98, 4830 (1993)
- Chen LJ, Hsu MC, Lin ST, Yang SY, J. Phys. Chem., 99(13), 4687 (1995)
- Aratono M, Kahlweit M, J. Chem. Phys., 95, 8578 (1991)
- Bartok W, Mason SG, J. Colloid Sci., 14, 13 (1959)
- Rumscheidt FD, Mason SG, J. Colloid Sci., 16, 238 (1961)
- Allan RS, Mason SG, J. Colloid Sci., 17, 383 (1962)
- MacKay GDM, Mason SG, Kolloid-Z. Z. Polym., 195, 138 (1964)
- Chen LJ, Yan WJ, Hsu MC, Tyan DL, J. Phys. Chem., 98(7), 1910 (1994)
- Johnson GK, Dadyburjor DB, Smith DH, J. Phys. Chem., 98(46), 12097 (1994)
- Smith DH, Covatch GL, Lowry WE, SPE Form. Eval., 7, 323 (1992)
- Shin HJ, M.S. Thesis, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea (1996)