A heat-transfer model has been developed for rotary-kiln incineration of municipal solid waste. Using this model, the transient response of the incinerator system was calculated when the system operated with and without control logic for automatic operation. The kiln-outlet gas temperature and the boiler steam pressure may be controlled by adjusting the flow rate of combustion air and the waste-charging rate when the heating value of waste varies irregularly. Our analysis indicates that the maximum variations of the kiln-outlet gas temperature and boiler steam pressure are reduced to 5 and 33%, respectively, when the system is operated with the control logic.