To evaluate the pulping properties of Miscanthus sinensis, the neutral sulfite process with anthraquinone addition (NS/AQ) was applied and important pulping conditions were optimized. The results are compared with soda cooking references, as well as with data obtained in former investigations with fast growing poplar, which is a competing raw material, when an alternative utilization of farmland is proposed. The results confirm that Miscanthus sinensis is well suited for pulp production. Using moderate conditions in NS/AQ pulping, the raw material could be delignified to low residual lignin contents. In bleaching, high brightness can be achieved with three chlorine free stages. The fully bleached pulp yield is remarkably high. Compared to soda cooking the NS/AQ process gives much better results and the pulp quality is nearly as good as that of poplar pulps produced with the ASAM process.