화학공학소재연구정보센터
Journal of Physical Chemistry A, Vol.101, No.42, 7842-7853, 1997
Structure of the first solvation shell of the hydroxide anion. A model study using OH-(H2O)(n) (n=4, 5, 6, 7, 11, 17) clusters
The optimum structure of the OH-(H2O)(n) (n = 4, 5) anionic clusters is studied in a systematic way to locate all its minimum energy conformations. The Becke-Lee-Yang-Parr (BLYP) methodology and the 6-31+G(2d,2p) basis set is used. Two stable conformers of the OH-(H2O)(4) cluster have been found, one with three waters solvated to the OH- oxygen and another with four waters solvating the same oxygen. The trisolvated structure is more stable by 1.24 kcal/mol. The transition state connecting these two conformers lies 2.41 kcal/mol above the trisolvated structure and 1.16 kcal/mol above the tetrasolvated one. Therefore, both conformers should coexist at room temperature. For the OH- (H2O)(5) cluster, our study has found tri-, tetra-, and pentasolvated minimum energy conformers, although the tatter one is not likely to be found at room temperature due to its much lower stability and the negligible barrier it presents when it distorts into the tetrasolvated conformer. The energetics for attaching a water molecule to the OH- hydrogen of the OH-(H2O)(3) and OH-(H2O)(4) clusters has also been explored at the BLYP/6-31+G(2d,2p) level. It is shown that a water in that position is energetically stable when its two hydrogens point to the OH- hydrogen, However, such a conformation is not a minimum energy structure on the potential energy surface, because the water drifts to become attached to one of the first solvation shell waters. The reason if the much higher stability of the second conformer. It is shown that one can avoid this shift by adding enough water molecules to Link the water attached to the OH- hydrogen with those on the first solvation shell of the OH-(H2O)(3) cluster. This is is successfully accomplished in the OH-(H2O)(17) cluster, whose optimum Hartree-Fock structure presents four waters coordinated to the OH- oxygen and one more water coordinated to its hydrogen, thus making the total solvation number of the OH- in this cluster equal to 5. Structures with solvation numbers equal to four are found. However, pentacoordinated OH- anions are not found in the smaller n = 7 or 11 clusters studied here.