Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Vol.104, No.34, 8182-8191, 2000
A steady-state kinetic model can be used to describe the growth of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on gold
The kinetics of formation of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on Sold generated by the adsorption of 2,2-dipentadecylpropane-1,3-dithiol (d-C17, [CH3(CH2)(14)](2)C[CH2SH](2)), 2-pentadecylpropane-1,3-dithiol (m-C17, CH3(CH2)(14)CH[CH2SH](2)), and heptadecanethiol (n-C17, CH3(CH2)(16)SH) from 1 mM solutions in isooctane were explored. A series of systematic coadsorption studies involving these adsorbates was also examined. Similarly, the kinetics of adsorption of the corresponding disulfides, 4,4-dipentadecyl-1,2-dithiolane (d-C17SS, [CH3(CH2)(14)](2)C[CH2S](2)), 4-pentadecyl-1,2-dithiolane (m-C17SS, CM3(CH2)(14)CH[CH2S](2)), and diheptadecyl disulfide (n-C17SS, [CH3(CH2)(16)S](2)), were explored. The kinetics were monitored by optical ellipsometry, contact angle goniometry, and polarization modulation infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (PM-IRRAS). For the formation of densely packed SAMs, the data showed two kinetic adsorption regimes: a fast initial regime in which similar to 80-90% of the monolayer was formed, followed by a slower orientational ordering regime in which the alkyl chains became more densely packed and highly crystalline. In contrast, the formation of loosely packed SAMs exhibited a single rapid adsorption regime with little subsequent change. A comparison of the kinetic and coadsorption data generated from the various adsorption studies was interpreted using a steady-state kinetic model involving an initial steady-state physisorption, followed by a chemisorption step, leading ultimately to complete monolayer formation. The relative rates of adsorption in the slow ordering regime were perhaps additionally influenced by the rates of diffusion of the adsorbates through the partially formed monolayer films.