Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol.120, No.4, 715-721, 1998
Highly controlled chemoselectivity of tin enolate by its hybridization state. Anionic complex of tin enolate coordinated by tetrabutylammonium bromide as halo selective reagent
The control of reactivity and/or selectivity of organotin(IV) enolates has been studied by means;of a high coordination method in which the hybridization state of tin was effectively changed. An anionic tin complex, five-coordinated tin enolate 1(h), was formed by the coordination of bromide anion from tetrabutylammonium bromide (Bu4NBr) to neutral four-coordinated. tin(TV) enolates 1(e) The highly coordinated enolates which attained a marked change in chemoselectivity have higher nucleophilicity to organic halides. In addition, they showed low nucleophilicity toward carbonyl moieties by the coordination of the bromide anion, whereas carbonyl addition readily proceeds using the usual four-coordinated tin enolate. NMR studies revealed the generation of HMPA- or bromide-anion-coordinated tin enolates in equilibrium between four-coordinated enolate Ic(e) and five-coordinated enolate Ic(h), showing a considerable upfield shift delta(Sn-119) and increasing values of the coupling constants (1)J(Sn-119-C-13). I, detailed NMR analyses of highly coordinated tin enolate, it was shown that the contribution of highly coordinated species 1(h) to the equilibrium between 1(e) and 1(h) became more significant as the added amount of ligands such as Bu4NBr or HMPA was increased. Considering these results, it was assumed that the: bromide-anion-coordinated tin enolate was generated, which showed a unique reactivity and selectivity. The effective control of chemoselectivity in the intermolecularly competitive reaction between organic halides and carbonyl compounds was demonstrated using two types of tin enolates, four-coordinated enolate and highly coordinated anionic enolate; halide displacement reaction exclusively took place using the bromide-anion-coordinated enolate, and the usual four-coordinated enolates reacted with only carbonyl compounds.