화학공학소재연구정보센터
Bulletin des Centres de Recherches Exploration-Production Elf Aquitaine, Vol.21, No.1, 125-151, 1997
A revised chrono-lithostratigraphic framework for the Pre-Salt (Lower Cretaceous) in Cabinda, Angola.
The Pre-Salt sedimentary section of Cabinda, Angora, is located in the lower Congo Basin. Pre-Salt lacustrine siliciclastics and carbonates predate the extensive Mid Aptian Loeme Salt. Over 500 MMBO of recoverable reserves have been proven in Pre-Salt objectives oi offshore Cabinda, Area A, between 1967 and 1983. Production is from both siliciclastic and carbonate reservoirs. A year-long comprehensive re-evaluation of Cabinda Pre-Salt stratigraphy, undertaken by the Cabinda Association (Sonangol, Chevron, Elf, Agip), was completed in June 1996. This re-evaluation used well log data from all 190 onshore and offshore wells with Pre-Salt penetrations. New regional structural and stratigraphic interpretations were made from high quality 3D seismic data. Existing core descriptions were reviewed and revised, and more than 2,500 ft of core were described and interpreted anew. Biostratigraphic data, involving palynomorphs and ostracodes, was generated for 34 wells, providing a level of biozonation resolution that was essential for the stratigraphic revisions discussed here. A combination of biostratigraphic and lithostratigraphic data with seismic and well logs has been used to define a new tectono-stratigraphic framework. In summary, the revised Pre-Salt tectono-stratigraphic framework is as follows. The lower, laterally continuous, arenaceous Lucula Formation (Lucula sensu stricto) was deposited during the Early Neocomian (NE1 to NE2) in a slowly subsiding setting (incipient rift phase), its upper boundary is a regional unconformity that resulted from an onset of active rifting during the Middle Neocomian (NE2). The Lower Bucomazi Member and Erva Formation are coeval. Their upper boundary is a regional unconformity that marks cessation of high amplitude vertical movements in this part of the basin (BA1 relaxation phase). Sandstones within the Lower Bucomazi Member are laterally discontinuous and are, in part, reworked from older Neocomian sandstones. They can overlie the Lucula sensu stricto. The Middle Bucomazi Member (also known as the Organic Bucomazi) post-dates the active rift phase. Deposition began in later BA1 time, during regional lake transgression over a subdued rift topography. The Upper Bucomazi Member has a lower organic content than the Middle Bucomazi Member, as a result of increased mixing oi lake waters and higher oxygenation levels. although deposition occurred in the same type of tectonic End depositional regime. Toca carbonates (BA1 to BA4) are nearshore, shallow water equi equivalents of Middle and Upper Bucomazi siliciclastics. The Upper Barremian Dentale Formation was deposited on the western edge of Area A. Increased terrigenous input recorded by this deposit probably marks the beginning of the next phase of active rifting on the Cabinda margin. A new phase of rift extension occurred from the latest Barremian to Middle Aptian (BA4 to AP3), with selective reactivation of previous fault blocks and development of the major base Chela regional unconformity.