Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol.114, No.19, 8357-8363, 2001
pi(*)-sigma(*) hyperconjugation mechanism on the rotational barrier of the methyl group (III): Methyl-azabenzenes in the ground, excited, and anionic states
We theoretically investigate the internal rotations of the methyl group in methyl-azabenzenes, such as o- and m-methylpyridines, 2-methylpyrazine, 4-methylpyrimidine, 4-methylpyridadine, and 4-methyl-1,2,3-triazine in the ground, excited, and anionic states. The calculated rotational barriers reproduce well the experimental data. Orbital pictures are given for the barrier changes by excitation and electron attachment. An idea of pi*-sigma* hyperconjugation is applied for a comprehensive interpretation of the barrier changes. A correlation is found between the rotational barriers and the splitting of the lowest and next-lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals.