Cellulase-free xylanase from an alkalophilic Bacillus sp. was maximally active at pH 10 and 60 degrees C. Enzyme treatment of ramie fibers removed 40% of its hemicellulose and some chromophoric material which resulted in a brightness increment of 5.2% and boosted the effect of H2O2 bleaching. Enzyme-treated ramie fibers were increased by 3.9% in elongation and retained appropriate tenacity. X-ray and scanning electron micrograph studies revealed some changes in fiber structure.