Electrostatic interactions can have a significant impact on protein transmission through semipermeable membranes. Experimental data for the transport of bovine serum albumin (BSA) through a polyethersulfone ultrafiltration membrane were obtained in different salt solutions over a range of pH and salt concentrations. Net BSA charge under the same conditions was evaluated from mobility data measured by capillary electrophoresis. The results show that specific ionic composition, in addition to solution pH and ionic strength, can strongly affect the rate of protein transport through semipermeable ultrafiltration membranes. The effects of different ions on BSA sieving are due primarily to differences in ion binding to the protein, which leads to significant differences in the net protein charge at a given pH and ionic strength. This effect could be described in terms of an effective protein radius, which accounts for the electrostatic exclusion of the charged protein from the membrane pores. These results provide important insights into the nature of the electrostatic interactions in membrane systems.