The conformational dynamics of low molecular weight hyaluronan (HA) polymer and oligosaccharides have been assayed by C-13 NMR T-1 relaxation time measurements. For polymeric HA in aqueous solution, the average relaxation time for ring carbons was not significantly affected by changing the ionic strength or by changing counterion type. The average relaxation time of HA was found to be similar to that for chondroitin I-sulfate or chondroitin 6-sulfate in aqueous solution. As has been observed previously for other polysaccharides, the segmental motions of HA chains studied at room temperature in aqueous solution appear to be dominated by viscous damping of the chain motions. Within a chain structure, there are variations in observed T-1 that correspond to differences in relative mobility. The hydroxymethyl substituent group shows a difference in relaxation rate relative to the ring to which it is attached, depending on the ring configuration (glucose vs galactose). These differences correlate with relative rotational isomerization rates measured by ultrasonic relaxation. In short HA chains, the nonreducing and reducing terminal residues show much greater mobility than penultimate residues, and these are in turn more mobile than interior residues. In contrast, the more rigid hydrogen-bonded conformation of an HA tetrasaccharide in dimethyl sulfoxide solution shows less position-dependent variation in T-1. These data are in accord with the dynamic nature of conformation-stabilizing hydrogen bonds for HA chains in aqueous solution.