Temperature-modulated calorimetry offers three methods of establishing heat capacity : (1) the traditional method of scanning thermal analysis by finding the heat flow into the sample during a measured temperature increase : (2) the quasi-isothermal method by finding the maximum amplitude of the periodic heat flow in response to a temperature modulation at a constant base temperature; and (3) the pseudo-isothermal analysis of a temperature-modulated scanning experiment by subtracting the effect due to the underlying (usually constant) heating rate and evaluating the effect due to the modulation as in a quasi-isothermal experiment. The background, advantages, and limitations of the three methods are discussed along with the possibility of establishing apparent heat capacities in dynamic systems, and the separation of heat capacities from phase transitions.