This paper reviews design and operating requirements for long-distance and large-throughput pneumatic conveying. Emphasis is placed on: blow tank design to provide an efficient and controlled discharge of material; semi-empirical techniques to predict pressure drop with good accuracy; optimisation of stepped-diameter pipelines to minimise air flow, pressure, wear and power; reliable valves for abrasive and high temperature conditions; back-pressure unblocking techniques. These developments are advancing considerably the reliability and future potential of large-throughput and long-distance pneumatic conveying technology.