A mechanism of the inhibition of the polymerization of vinyl monomers by heavy petroleum residues (oils, resins, asphaltenes) in the presence of air oxygen is put forward. The rate constants of the reaction of inhibitors with styrene macroradicals are determined. The concentration-dependent stoichiometric coefficients of inhibition ate calculated Recommendations are given concerning the formulation of the stabilizers proposed for hydrocarbon systems based on oil refining waste.