In case of technical applications the service life of elastomeric materials is influenced by different damage and wear phenomena, The wear resistance of these materials decisively depends on mechanical strength and crack toughness against crack initiation and crack propagation, Based on experimental fracture mechanics methods different polymeric materials were investigated and evaluated using the toughness parameter J-integral, For polypropylene copolymers crack resistance curves were determined and for filled elastomers (SBR 1500, NR, BR) the crack initiation toughness were calculated. The discussion of the experimental results is executed in correlation to the structure of the materials by means of a molecular interpretation.