Application of hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent for the extraction of aromatic compounds from contaminated water

Abdullahi Yakubu; Zaharaddeen Sani Gano; Omar Umar Ahmed; Suleiman Mohammed Shuwa; Abdulazeez Yusuf Atta; Baba Yakubu Jibril

Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, Vol.39, No.5, 1299-1306, May, 2022

DOI10.1007/s11814-021-0994-y Export Citation

Application of hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent for the extraction of aromatic compounds from contaminated water

Abdullahi Yakubu^{1, 2}, Zaharaddeen Sani Gano^{3, †}, Omar Umar Ahmed³, Suleiman Mohammed Shuwa^{1, 4}, Abdulazeez Yusuf Atta^{1, 4}, and Baba Yakubu Jibril^{1, 4}

¹Department of Chemical Engineering, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria
²Dangote Fertilizer Limited, Lagos, Nigeria
³National Research Institute for Chemical Technology, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria
⁴, Nigeria

E-mail:

Hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent (DES) was synthesized from TBAB and decanoic acid and used to study the extraction of aromatic hydrocarbon from contaminated water samples. DES was screened by selecting different ratios between the TBAB and decanoic acid. A ratio of 1 : 2 was observed to be the best among others and was used for the desired application. Within the temperature range of 25-70 ℃, physicochemical properties such as density (944-915 kg/m3), viscosity (1,636-179 mPa·s), conductivity (141-1,007 µS/cm), and pH (3.14-2.73) of the synthesized DES were determined. For the extraction study, benzene, toluene, and xylene (BTX)-doped water were used as a simulated contaminated water. Response surface methodology was employed in modeling and optimizing the effects of temperature, time, and solvent mass fraction on the extraction efficiency of the DES. Extraction efficiency of 68.1%, 70.84% and 77.73% for BTX, respectively, was recorded at optimum values of 25 ℃, 60 min and 0.6 (solvent mass fraction). Extraction efficiency as high as 86.61%, 88.94%, and 92.71% for BTX, respectively, can be obtained within the design space. Effective regeneration and reuse of the DES after each extraction was carried out for five consecutive cycles; their results showed no significant decrease in their respective extraction efficiencies and recovery of the DES. This, therefore, improves the overall performance of hydrophobic DES for the extraction process.

Keywords:Remediation;Deep Eutectic Solvents;Contaminated Water;Extraction

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[3] Khezeli T, Daneshfar A, Sahraei R, J. Chromatogr. A, 1425, 25 (2015)

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[6] Lima LF, De-Andrade JIR, Da-Silva MG, Vieira MG, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 56, 6326 (2017)

[7] Abbott AP, Capper G, Davies DL, Rasheed RK, Tambyrajah V, Chem. Commun., 1, 70 (2003)

[8] Makoś P, Przyjazny A, Boczkaj G, J. Chromatogr. A, 1570, 28 (2018)

[9] Hadj‐Kali MKI, Hayyan M, J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol., 93, 945 (2018)

[10] Gałuszka, Migaszewski Z, Namieśnik J, Trends Analyt. Chem., 50, 78 (2013)

[11] van Osch DJ, Zubeir LF, van den Bruinhorst A, Rocha MA, Kroon MC, Green Chem., 17, 4518 (2015)

[12] Florindo, Branco L, Marrucho I, Fluid Phase Equilib., 448, 135 (2017)

[13] Faraji M, Microchem J., 150, 104130 (2019)

[14] Garcia S, Gil M, Pis J, Rubiera F, Pevida C, Int. J. Greenh. Gas Control, 12, 35 (2013)

[15] Dwamena AK, J. Sep. Sci., 6, 9 (2019)

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[17] Gano ZS, Mjalli FS, Al-Wahaibi T, Al-Wahaibi Y, AlNashef IM, Chem. Eng. Process., 93, 10 (2015)

[18] Montgomery C, Runger GC, Applied statistics and probability for engineers, John Wiley & Sons Publications, New Jersey (2010).

[19] Jibril B, Mjalli F, Naser J, Gano Z, J. Mol. Liq., 199, 462 (2014)

[20] Yousefi SM, Shemirani F, Ghorbanian SA, J. Chromatographia, 81, 1201 (2018)

[21] van Osch JGP, Dietz CHJT, van Spronsen J, Kroon MC, Gallucci F, Annaland MVS, Tuinier R, ACS. Sustain. Chem. Eng., 7, 2933 (2019)

[22] Ghaedi H, Ayoub M, Sufian S, Hailegiorgis SM, Murshid G, Farrukh S, Khan SN, Thermochim. Acta, 657, 123 (2017)

[23] Hayyan A, Mjalli FS, AlNashef IM, Al-Wahaibi T, Al-Wahaibi YM, Hashim MA, Thermochim. Acta, 541, 70 (2012)

[24] Li X, Row KH, J. Sep. Sci., 39, 3505 (2016)

[25] Zhao L, Lee HK, J. Chromatogr. A, 919, 381 (2001)

[26] Ge D, Zhang Y, Dai Y, Yang S, J. Sep. Sci., 41, 1635 (2018)

[27] Li T, Song Y, Xu J, Fan J, Talanta, 195, 298 (2019)

[28] Kim KS, Lee JY, Lee SJ, Ha TK, Kim DH, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 116, 7399 (1994)

[29] Gao J, Chou LW, Auerbach A, Biophys. J., 65, 43 (1993)

[30] Orabi A, Lamoureux G, J. Phys. Chem. B, 122, 2251 (2018)

[31] Dougherty DA, Stauffer DA, J. Sci., 250, 1558 (1990)

[32] Metcalf L, Waste water engineering: Treatment and reuse, Metcalf and Eddy Inc. (2003).

[33] W.H. Organization, A compendium of standards for waste water reuse in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (2006).