Y2O3:Eux (x = 0.005, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.05, 0.1 mol) phosphors are synthesized with different concentrations of Eu3+ ions by solvothermal method. The crystal structure, surface and optical properties of the Eu doped Y2O3 phosphors are investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and photoluminescence (PL) and photoluminescence excitation (PLE) analyses. From X-ray diffraction (XRD) results, the crystal structure of the Eu doped Y2O3 phosphor is found to be cubic. The maximum emission spectra of the Eu doped Y2O3 phosphors are observed at 0.05 mol Eu3+ concentration. The photoluminescence of 615 nm in the Eu doped Y2O3 phosphors is associated with 5D0 → 7F2 transition of Eu3+ ions. The decrease in emission intensity of 0.1 mol Eu doped Y2O3 is interpreted by concentration quenching. The International Commission on Illumination (CIE) coordinates of 0.05 mol Eu doped Y2O3 phosphor are X = 0.6547, Y = 0.3374.