Polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) nanofibers have broad application prospects in high temperature dust removal, high temperature oil-water separation, radiation protection, and other fields. PPS nanofibers were prepared by melt differential electrospinning without any other additives, which ensures the excellent properties of PPS fibers. The effects of spinning parameters (spinning voltage, spinning distance, spinning temperature) on the morphology of PPS fibers were systematically studied, and the average diameter of PPS fibers with 1.28 mu m was obtained under the optimum conditions (spinning distance of 6 mm, temperature of 310 degrees C and spinning voltage of 35 kV). The effect of spinning voltage on the crystallinity and thermal stability of the fiber was analyzed. Finally, the filtration efficiencies of the commercial dust-proof filter bags and the obtained PPS fibers with the same weight were compared. It was demonstrated that filtration efficiency of the obtained PPS fibers with 186 g/cm(2)reached up to 99.95%. This study aims to provide a new idea for green industrial manufacturing and application of electrospinning PPS nanofibers.