Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol.143, No.4, 2097-2107, 2021
Systematic Evaluation of 1,2-Migratory Aptitude in Alkylidene Carbenes
Alkylidene carbenes undergo rapid inter- and intramolecular reactions and rearrangements, including 1,2-migrations of beta-substituents to generate alkynes. Their propensity for substituent migration exerts profound influence over the broader utility of allcylidene carbene intermediates, yet prior efforts to categorize 1,2-migratory aptitude in these elusive species have been hampered by disparate modes of carbene generation, ultrashort carbene lifetimes, mechanistic ambiguities, and the need to individually prepare a series of C-13-labeled precursors. Herein we report on the rearrangement of C-13-alkylidene carbenes generated in situ by the homologation of carbonyl compounds with [C-13]-Li-TMS-diazomethane, an approach that obviates the need for isotopically labeled substrates and has expedited a systematic investigation (C-13{H-1} NMR, DLPNO-CCSD(T)) of migratory aptitudes in an unprecedented range of more than 30 alkylidene carbenes. Hammett analyses of the reactions of 26 differentially substituted benzophenones reveal several counterintuitive features of 1,2-migration in alkylidene carbenes that may prove of utility in the study and synthetic application of unsaturated carbenes more generally.