A new kind of structural and functional integration ceramic matrix composite material was prepared from high-performance alumina (Al2O3) fibers and absorbing silicon carbonitride (SiCN) ceramics via a combination of polymer infiltration pyrolysis (PIP) and chemical vapor infiltration (CVI) methods. The Al(2)O(3)fiber annealed at its cracked temperature had enhanced permittivity, because the sizing agent on the Al(2)O(3)fiber surface was cracked into pyrolysis carbon. For PIP + CVI Al2O3f/SiCN composites, PIP SiCN matrix with low conductivity was used as the matching phase, while CVI SiCN matrix with medium permittivity and dielectric loss was regarded as the reinforcing phase distributed in porous PIP SiCN matrix and inter-bundles of Al(2)O(3)fiber to improve their mechanical and microwave absorption properties. The fracture toughness and flexural strength of Al2O3f/SiCN composite were determined to be 9.4 +/- 0.5 MPa m(1/2)and 279 +/- 28 MPa, respectively. Based on the design principles for impedance matching, the Al2O3f/SiCN composites before and after oxidation were used as loss and impedance layers, respectively. It was found that the optimized composite had the lowest reflection coefficient (RC) of -70 dB and the effective absorption bandwidth covering the whole X-band. In conclusion, Al2O3f/SiCN composite can serve as a high-temperature structural material with excellent microwave absorption properties for aerospace applications.