Energy & Fuels, Vol.34, No.8, 9483-9491, 2020
Effect of Carbon Dioxide on Asphaltene Precipitation from Bitumen-Heptane Mixtures
Bitumen froth generated from water-based extraction of Alberta oil sands typically consists of 60 wt % bitumen, 30 wt % water, and 10 wt % mineral solids. The froth has to be cleaned by removing the mineral solids and water before it can be upgraded or sold directly to the market. Currently, naphthenic or paraffinic froth treatment processes (NFT or PFT) are used to lower the viscosity of the bitumen froth to facilitate the removal of water and mineral solids. PFT generates a much cleaner bitumen product than NFT through asphaltene precipitation. To induce asphaltene precipitation, the required amount of paraffinic solvent is much higher than that of the naphtha solvent in the NFT process. This increases process complexity and costs in the subsequent solvent recovery process. In this study, the injection of carbon dioxide (CO2) was investigated to assist the PFT process to lower the solvent dosage. It was found that the injection of CO2 to dry bitumen-heptane mixtures helped promote asphaltene precipitation when the solvent-to-bitumen ratio was above the onset of asphaltene precipitation. Under moderate CO2 pressure (1.7 MPa) and temperature (21-90 degrees C), the heptane dosage could be reduced by 54.9% while maintaining the same degree of asphaltene precipitation from the dry bitumen. When the solvent-to-bitumen ratio was below the onset, injection of CO2 under the tested temperature and pressure did not cause asphaltene precipitation.