Biodiesel was produced from chicken fat in the presence of MgO and MgO@Na2O nanocatalysts via transesterification. The characteristics of MgO and MgO@Na2O were examined using various analyses, including BET specific surface areas, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy/mapping scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, and transmission electron microscopy. The maximum yields of biodiesel production using MgO and MgO@Na2O nano-catalysts were 95.17 and 95.22 %, respectively, which are significant biodiesel yields. H-1 NMR analysis was used to determine the molecular structure of the chicken fat oil and the produced biodiesel. Furthermore, the reusability of the catalysts was examined for up to six steps, showing that both catalysts can be used for up to four steps in biodiesel production.