Partial oxidation of methane (POM) offers a promising option to produce syngas for downstream processes such as hydrogen production and Fischer-Tropsch processes. POM in fixed-bed reactors requires an oxygen separation plant with high operation cost and safety risks. On the contrary, membrane reactors can provide an improved process by integrating both oxygen separation and catalytic reaction processes. With many advantages including high purity and efficient oxygen separation from the air at the catalytic reaction conditions, mixed ionic-electronic conducting membranes (MIEC) caught great attention in the scientific research field over the past two decades. In this review, POM using different catalysts in fixed-bed reactors was firstly summarized with emphasizing on perovskite-based catalysts, and then the material screening of MIEC membrane reactors was introduced and linked to the selection of conventional and perovskite catalysts. The catalytic activity, reaction mechanisms, and emerging challenges have been analyzed. Furthermore, future research directions have been outlined by highlighting the effect of electronic properties, continuous reduction-oxidation in the presence of oxygen flux, and chemical reaction mechanism on membrane/catalyst.