In this paper, we consider a two-dimensional diffuse interface model for the phase separation of an incompressible and isothermal binary fluid mixture with matched densities. This model consists of the Navier-Stokes equations, nonlinearly coupled with a convective nonlocal Cahn-Hilliard equation. The system rules the evolution of the (volume-averaged) velocity u of the mixture and the (relative) concentration difference phi of the two phases. The aim of this work is to study an optimal control problem for such a system, the control being a time-dependent external force v acting on the fluid. We first prove the existence of an optimal control for a given tracking type cost functional. Then we study the differentiability properties of the control-to-state map v bar right arrow [u,phi], and we establish first-order necessary optimality conditions. These results generalize the ones obtained by the first and the third authors jointly with Rocca (SIAM J Control Optim 54:221-250, 2016). There the authors assumed a constant mobility and a regular potential with polynomially controlled growth. Here, we analyze the physically more relevant case of a degenerate mobility and a singular (e.g., logarithmic) potential. This is made possible by the existence of a unique strong solution which was recently proved by the authors and Gal (WIAS preprint series No. 2309, Berlin, 2016).