Bacterial infections have caused serious threats to public health nowadays because of the generation of antibiotics-resistant bacteria. Recently, new 2D materials beyond graphene (post-graphene 2D materials, pg-2DMs), such as transition metal dichalcogenides, black phosphorus, layered double hydroxides and MXenes, have been intensively explored for antimicrobial applications on account of their superior physiochemical properties. Here, we provide an up-to-date overview of the post-graphene 2D materials-based antimicrobial agents (pg-2DMs-AA), focusing on (1) the strategies to improve the antimicrobial activities of pg-2DMs-AA and (2) the biosafety assessments of pg-2DMs-AA. Finally, insights regarding the current gaps and outlooks for future opportunities in this field are given as well.