화학공학소재연구정보센터
Journal of the Electrochemical Society, Vol.142, No.8, 2551-2557, 1995
Some Aspects of Limn2O4 Electrochemistry in the 4 Volt Range
LiMn2O4 is a hopping semiconductor (sigma = 2 X 10(-6) Omega(-1) cm(-1)) as is lambda-MnO2 obtained by full delithiation. A semiconductor-metal transition is not observed by Li+ extraction because the critical Mn-Mn distance for this transition (2.743 Angstrom) is shorter than those observed for lambda-MnO2 and LiMn2O4 (2.803 and 2.913 Angstrom, respectively). However, on Li+ removal the charge-transfer resistance of the spinel decreases, perhaps as a consequence of enhanced Li+ crossing of the electrolyte/ cathode interface. A full charge/discharge cycle does not allow one to reinsert the same amount of Li+ extracted as a consequence of a structural alteration. The abrupt voltage drop at the end of the cycle coincides with a unit cell parameter of similar to 8.24 Angstrom, i.e., the same value of the original spinel. Spinels prepared at 700-750 degrees C have electrochemical features different from those of spinels made at 800-900 degrees C. In particular, Li+ is more easily extracted from the former in a process which seems to create Li+ ordering for x = 2/3 and x = 1/3 ion LixMn2O4. The self-discharge characteristics of fully oxidized spinels in different electrolytes have been examined.