Nanorods of H2V3O8 wrapped in graphene sheets were prepared by hydrothermal synthesis and tested as the cathode in an aqueous rechargeable zinc-ion battery. Cyclic voltammetry indicates that H2V3O8 nanorods/graphene-523 K allows a rapid and reversible Zn2+ intercalation/extraction without the evolution of H-2 and O-2. The structure and composition of the composite graphene H2V3O8 nanorods [determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution TEM (HRTEM), selected area electron diffraction (SEAD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS)] offered excellent electrochemical performance including a high specific discharge capacity of 401 mAh g(-1) at 200 mA g(-1), a high rate capacity of 170 mAh g(-1) at 2 A g(-1), and prolonged cycling stability after 200 cycles. The addition of the graphene sheets increases the diffusion coefficient of the zinc ions by an order of magnitude. Five light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are successfully powered by the aqueous rechargeable zinc-ion batteries (ARZBs) for more than 2 min to demonstrate the practical application. This work provides a creative choice for energy storage applications with low prices, green and environmental protection, and excellent safety.