This paper provides an updated literature review about greenhouse systems and helps to identify the most preferable characteristics of a greenhouse for diverse climates and operating conditions. Data on appropriate properties of the covering materials and comparisons of several cladding materials were extensively discussed. The selection process of the greenhouse shape and orientation for different climates is presented, and comparisons between several shapes and orientations are made. This paper also examines the existing thermal models and simulation tools used to optimize the thermal operating conditions of the greenhouse. Furthermore, many recent studies are presented where greenhouses are combined with several systems to provide a favorable microclimate for crops, under extreme, tropical and subtropical climates. Finally, other applications such as greenhouse dryers and seawater greenhouse desalination are also discussed.