We successfully added bamboo and glass fibers into bisphenol A-aniline based benzoxazine (BA-a) resin by hot-pressing method. In order to improve the interfacial adhesion between bamboo fibers and the matrix, bamboo fibers were pretreated in 6 wt% NaOH solutions for 12 h. The results showed alkali-treatment had a positive effect on mechanical properties of the composites at both room and elevated temperatures (60 degrees C, 110 degrees C, 160 degrees C, and 210 degrees C). Due to the incorporation of glass fibers, the bamboo/glass reinforced-polybenzoxazine hybrid composites exhibited highest strength and modulus among all samples and had high residual mechanical properties at elevated temperatures (residual mechanical properties refers to the ratio of strength and modulus of the composites at elevated temperatures to that measured at room temperature). The fractured surface morphologies of the composites were observed by scanning electron microscope. The results showed with the increase of temperature, the debonding and fiber pull-out became apparent, and the matrix softening could be clearly observed at 210 degrees C. In addition, thermal and thermomechanical properties of neat benzoxazine and the composites were also investigated through thermogravimetric analysis and dynamic mechanical analyzer, respectively. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2019. (c) 2019 Society of Plastics Engineers