The capture of SO2 from flue gases is a worldwide concern, which is closely related to environmental, economical, and technological issues. Ionic liquids (ILs), as a kind of promising acidic gas absorbent, have been attracting increasing attention for innovative SO2 capture approaches recently, burgeoning in the literature. In this paper, we give an overview of the relevant current progress on IL-mediated SO2 capture, focusing on promising strategies of improving SO2 absorption capacity, reducing desorption enthalpy, the design of green IL absorbents, and technologies of SO2/CO2 selective capture, eutectic ILs, supported ILs, and IL membranes, based on depiction of the corresponding SO2 absorption mechanism.