Prolonged circulation time is beneficial for the accumulation of nanoparticles in tumors due to the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. However, the exogenous nanoparticles tend to be recognized and quickly eliminated by the reticuloendothelial system. Here, we developed autologous erythrocyte membrane coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles for anticancer drug delivery. The nanoparticles exhibited good photothermal effect and could realize near infrared light responsive drug release. In the in vitro experiment, the nanoparticles demonstrated synergistic photothermal-chemotherapeutic effect against cancer cells.