Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol.119, No.7, 1572-1581, 1997
Preparation of and Fluoroalkylation with (Chlorodifluoromethyl)Trimethylsilane, Difluorobis(Trimethylsilyl)Methane, and 1,1,2,2-Tetrafluoro-1,2-bis(Trimethylsilyl)Ethane
CF2BrCl reacts with aluminum/N-methylpyrrolidinone in the presence of chlorotrimethylsilane to give Me(3)SiCF(2)Cl in high yield. Similarly, CF2Br2 gives Me(3)SiCF(2)Br with bromotrimethylsilane. Chlorodifluoromethylation of aldehydes using Me(3)SiCF(2)Cl and a catalytic amount of TBAF in polar solvents occurs at room temperature, providing difluoromethylated alcohols in two steps. Electroreduction of Me(3)SiCF(2)Cl in the presence of chlorotrimethylsilane gives Me(3)SiCF(2)SiMe(3) (anion-derived product) and Me(3)SiCF(2)CF(2)SiMe(3) (radical-derived product). Using THF/HMPA strongly favors the former, whereas THF/TDA-1 (tris(3,6-dioxaheptyl)amine) the latter. Me(3)SiCF(2)-SiMe(3) difluoromethylates aldehydes acting as a difluoromethylene dianion ("CF22-" equivalent), whereas Me(3)SiCF(2)-CF(2)SiMe(3) acts at room temperature as an in situ source for the perfluorovinyl anion (due to beta-elimination of fluorotrimethylsilane). However, at low temperature the elimination pathway is suppressed and tetrafluoroethylene dianion ("-CF2CF2-" equivalent) behavior is observed, The structure of Me(3)SiCF(2)CF(2)SiMe(3) was analyzed by X-ray diffraction. All of the studied fluoroalkylating reagents are moisture- and air-stable and can be readily obtained from a single convenient precursor (CF2BrCl).